The Development of Capitalism in Russia (Russian: Развитие капитализма в России, romanized: Razvitiye kapitalizma v Rossiy) was an early economic work by Vladimir Lenin written whilst he was in exile in Siberia.

[2] In it Lenin attacked the Populist claim that Russia could avoid a capitalist stage of development, and that the rural commune could serve as the basis for communism.

Instead Lenin argued that the rural communes had already been wiped out by capitalism and statistics showed the degree to which feudalism was already dying in Russia.

[1] Lenin noted the growth of a national market for goods in Russia replacing local markets, the tendency to grow cash crops rather than rely on subsistence agriculture, and a growth of individual rather than communal property ownership.

Lenin saw a common set of interests between rural and urban proletariat and the possibility of a worker–peasant alliance against the representatives of capital.