The Moonlight Battle is an oil on canvas history painting by the French-born British artist Dominic Serres, from 1781.

[3] It depicts the Battle of Cape St. Vincent fought on 16 January 1780 during the American War of Independence.

Dubbed the moonlight battle, as it was fought at night, it was part of Admiral Rodney's successful attempt to resupply the British garrison during the Great Siege of Gibraltar.

Rodney's Royal Navy fleet encountered, pursued and defeated a Spanish force off Cadiz, capturing their commander Juan de Lángara in the process.

[5] The battle was also painted by other marine artists including Francis Holman.