Theatrical makeup
Actors wore various masks, allowing them to portray another gender, age, or entirely different likeness.
Originally, theatres used candles and oil lamps; these two sources of light were dim and allowed for crude, unrealistic makeup applications.
In 1873, Ludwig Leichner, a Wagnerian opera singer, began commercially producing a non-toxic greasepaint stick, easing the application of makeup.
[3] By highlighting the face's protruding bones, the features become pronounced; shadowing cavities can add depth.
[4] Sagging jowls, forehead wrinkles, eye pouches, and prominent veins can be created by manipulating highlights and shadows.
This depth is commonly used on the eye sockets, to thin the sides of the nose, to shallow the cheeks, and to minimize heaviness under the chin.
[4] If a performer's skin is perfectly toned, makeup spreads smoothly and adheres easily.
Performers with oily complexions use a facial toner wipe or astringent to remove the oil and allow a smooth application.
[4] A thin layer of base makeup is applied to the neck, ears, and face using a white rubber sponge or fingers.
Individuals with brown complexions use lighter shadows such as toast, mushroom or soft yellows.
If a performer's makeup is under-powdered, his skin oils will break through quickly, producing shine and possibly running.
After powder is applied to the entire face, starting under and around the eyes, it is gently pressed for thirty seconds.
A wet natural sponge or cotton is wiped lightly across the face to set the makeup, to remove any visible powder, and to eliminate the masky feeling.
[4] Translucent powders are used for fair complexions because they do not alter the original color of the base, the under-rouge, or the moist eye shadow.
Many higher-learning institutions have drama departments where all aspects of theater are taught, including the art of theatrical makeup.
Through training, makeup artists learn important techniques such as hand-eye coordination, ability to draw straight lines and consistent shapes, creativity, good grooming and personal hygiene habits, etc.
