Theodor P. von Brand (June 5, 1927 in Erlangen, Germany – November 15, 2004 in Thurmont, Maryland), (German notation Theodor Philipp Rudolf Freiherr von Brand zu Neidstein) was an American judge descending from a German noble family.
Von Brand worked for almost fifteen years on antitrust cases at the Federal Trade Commission in Washington, D.C. During his legal career he also worked at the Social Security Administration, where he presided over black-lung disability cases brought by Appalachian coal miners.
Until his retirement, he served as an administrative law judge for the US Department of Labor where he presided over whistleblower cases concerning issues such as the rights of employees complaining of health risks in the workplace and the rights of California farmworkers to adequate working conditions.
In 1979, he inherited the castle Neidstein in the Upper Palatinate from his uncle Dr. Philipp Theodor Freiherr von Brand.
The castle became more known in 2006 when von Brand's heirs sold it to the American actor Nicolas Cage.