Theophilus Washington Smith (September 28, 1784 – May 6, 1845) was an Illinois Supreme Court Justice from 1825 until his resignation on December 26, 1842.

Smith was born in New York City and joined the navy before becoming a law student in the offices of Aaron Burr.

In late 1832, he was impeached by the General Assembly on charges of oppressive conduct, corruption, and high misdemeanors.

[1] When Jean Baptiste Beaubien sued for the property on which Fort Dearborn stood, Smith wrote the Supreme Court's decision in favor of Beaubien's claim, although it was later overturned by the United States Supreme Court.

[2] During the Black Hawk War, Smith served as Quartermaster-General on Governor John Reynolds's staff.