Therkel Mathiassen (5 September 1892, in Favrbo, Denmark[1] – 14 March 1967) was a Danish archaeologist, anthropologist, cartographer, and ethnographer notable for his scientific study of the Arctic.

[3] In 1929, Mathiassen worked on another midden archaeological excavation, and uncovered a Norse culture in Inugsuk, Greenland.

[5] Mathiassen was a member of the initial Danish committee of Societas Arctica Scandinavica, dedicated to Scandinavian research in Arctic humanistic and natural sciences.

[6] He was a prolific author of works, which have later been described as monumental and as marking the beginning of the professional period in Arctic archaeology.

[7][8] His works of the 1920s and 1930s introduced the concept of the Thule culture but also dismissed the theory of a Stone Age people in Greenland as first described on a scientific basis by Ole Solberg in 1907.