Thoatherium (meaning "active swift-beast") is an extinct genus of litoptern mammals from the Early Miocene of Argentina.

[1] With a length of 70 centimetres (2.3 ft), the gazelle-like Thoatherium was a small representative of the order Litopterna.

Thoatherium had remarkably reduced toes; only one horse-like hoof remained.

Thoatherium even lacked splint bones, which are remnants of the second and fourth toe found in modern horses.

Judging from its generalised, brachydont teeth, Thoatherium fed on soft leaves rather than on tough grasses.