Captain Thomas Rowley (c. 1748 – 27 May 1806) was a soldier and landholder in the convict settlement of New South Wales, Australia.
When Captain John Townson departed prematurely in November, Rowley, as the senior officer, took charge of the settlement.
During his rule he ordered liquor stills to be demolished to reduce the drunkenness on the island, and this move brought threats of prosecution from the owners.
In 1802 Rowley was given responsibility for the management of the civil and military barracks and became captain of the Sydney company of the Loyal Association, of which he became commandant in 1804.
He died of consumption on 27 May 1806,[1] leaving his property to his children and to his partner Elizabeth Selwyn, a former convict who had arrived on the Pitt in 1792.