[2] Both city states greatly eclipsed other Mayan polities, and have been described as "superpowers" that led rival power blocs.

[5] The conflict between Tikal, Calakmul and their respective allies resulted in the increasing sophistication of Maya warfare, including the construction of large, well-fortified citadels to protect strategically significant routes.

The latter gradually gained the upper hand,[7] and Dos Pilas was eventually overrun by Calakmul after years of heavy combat.

One of the main battle grounds of this conflict was Dos Pilas, now a separatist kingdom led by Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil, under Calakmul's dominance.

In 695, under the leadership of Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I, Tikal won a major battle with Calakmul and turned the tables, effectively ending the Second Tikal–Calakmul War.

Wamaw Kʼawiil, kaloomte (high king, a position higher than ajaw) of Calakmul traveled to Quiriguá and formed an alliance with Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat.

[9] As Tikal and Calakmul fought each other, Dos Pilas experienced a period of expansion, conquering several other small cities states.

[7] Having been deprived of its military reputation Calakmul lost its northern provinces and collapsed, the last recorded date in the city was 899, possibly 909.