Tjhoen Tjhioe

[1] The need for a new Peranakan Chinese newspaper in Surabaya was proposed in 1913, and it was suggested that Henri Borel, a Dutch Sinologist and writer who was in Europe at that time, return to the Indies and become its editor.

[3] In the first issue in early 1914, Borel wrote an introductory essay which paid homage to Confucius and his ideas, and insisted that the paper would stand up for the brotherhood of all peoples.

[5] He had founded an earlier paper in Surabaya called Bok Tok which, according to historian Leo Suryadinata, was a sort of predecessor to Tjhoen Tjhioe.

[6] In its first year of publication, Tjhoen Tjhioe engaged in a war of words with Doenia Bergerak (Malay: World in motion), a left-wing paper associated with the Sarekat Islam movement.

[10] Although it is unclear at what point he took the position, the novelist and journalist Tan Boen Kim must have been editor at the paper in 1915 as well, because he was charged under the strict press censorship laws (Persdelict) for defamation of a public official, and sentenced to fourteen days in prison.