In mathematics, specifically in abstract algebra, a torsion-free abelian group is an abelian group which has no non-trivial torsion elements; that is, a group in which the group operation is commutative and the identity element is the only element with finite order.
While finitely generated abelian groups are completely classified, not much is known about infinitely generated abelian groups, even in the torsion-free countable case.
[1] An abelian group
is said to be torsion-free if no element other than the identity
is of finite order.
A natural example of a torsion-free group is
, as only the integer 0 can be added to itself finitely many times to reach 0.
More generally, the free abelian group
An important step in the proof of the classification of finitely generated abelian groups is that every such torsion-free group is isomorphic to a
A non-finitely generated countable example is given by the additive group of the polynomial ring
(the free abelian group of countable rank).
More complicated examples are the additive group of the rational field
(rational numbers whose denominator is a power of
Yet more involved examples are given by groups of higher rank.
The rank of an abelian group
Equivalently it is the maximal cardinality of a linearly independent (over
is torsion-free then it injects into
Thus, torsion-free abelian groups of rank 1 are exactly subgroups of the additive group
Torsion-free abelian groups of rank 1 have been completely classified.
To do so one associates to a group
of the prime numbers, as follows: pick any
Baer proved[5][6] that
is a complete isomorphism invariant for rank-1 torsion free abelian groups.
The hardness of a classification problem for a certain type of structures on a countable set can be quantified using model theory and descriptive set theory.
In this sense it has been proved that the classification problem for countable torsion-free abelian groups is as hard as possible.