Town Planning Associates

Town Planning Associates made prominent use of patios and other aspects of Mediterranean architecture adapted to South and Central America.

[2] The charter got its name from the location of the fourth CIAM conference in 1933, which, due to the deteriorating political situation in Russia, took place on the SS Patris II bound for Athens from Marseilles.

The Charter had a significant impact on urban planning after World War II and, through Josep Lluis Sert and Paul Lester Wiener, especially on the proposed modernization of Havana.

[5] It also promoted ideas of GATEPAC (Grupo de Artistas y Técnicos Españoles Para la Arquitectura Contemporánea) the Spanish branch of C.I.A.M.

The doctrine, which was codified in a summary document called the Athens Charter, drafted at CIAM’s fourth meeting in 1933 in Greece, was premised on strict compartmentalization of the city into four discrete zones—housing, work, recreation, and circulation.

Fulgencio Batista viewing model. Nicolás Arroyo, far left, Paul Lester Wiener in the background to the right of Batista. Unidentified Havana newspaper clipping, July 1958.