Trần Thị Liên was born in Yên Nghi village (now in Vinh), Nghệ An Province.
Liên attended and finished Nguyễn Trường Tộ primary school in Vinh.
[1] In the mid-1920s, Trần Thị Liên joined the New Revolutionary Party of Vietnam where she met and then married Trần Văn Cung - a member of Vietnam Association of Revolutionary Youths (VARY) founded by Nguyễn Ái Quốc - in 1928.
In the late 1931, Liên was caught and imprisoned for a year in Vinh Prison.
Thanks to activity of Popular Front, Liên and Cung were liberated in July 1936.