[1] Trần Văn Cung was born 5 May 1906 in Kim Khe Trung village, Nghi Lộc District in Nghệ An Province (Annam) in 1906.
His elder brother is Trần Văn Tăng – a teacher and revolutionist and member of New Revolutionary Party of Vietnam who was also jailed by the French and died in prison.
Then he was recruited by Vietnam Revolutionary Youth League (Hội Việt Nam Cách mạng Thanh niên) which founded by Ho Chi Minh.
In March 1929, he and other six radical members of VARY Tonkin Bureau including Nguyễn Đức Cảnh, Trịnh Đình Cửu, Đỗ Ngọc Du, Dương Hạc Đính, Ngô Gia Tự, Kim Tôn founded the first communist cell in Vietnam.
Under the guidance by this communist cell, the congress of Hội Việt Nam Cách mạng Thanh niên's Tonkin Bureau reached a consensus of founding a communist party and voted Trần Văn Cung, Trịnh Đình Cửu and Kim Tôn to be attendees of whole Hội Việt Nam Cách mạng Thanh niên congress in Hong Kong.
In the congress, Tonkin attendees led by Trần Văn Cung proposed a transforming of Hội Việt Nam Cách mạng Thanh niên into a communist party.