Having first opened for service on 10 July 1877 with horsecars, it is the third oldest tramway in Poland (after Warsaw and Szczecin).

The system uses 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge and is operated by Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne we Wrocławiu (MPK Wrocław).

The network consists of 23 lines with a total track length of 84 kilometres (52 mi) and line length of 258.2 kilometres (160.4 mi), six depots and 20 loops.

Below is a table of permanent routes as of the 8 February 2024 schedule:[2] lines changed Currently eight types of trams are operating in Wrocław: Konstal 105Na, Protram 204 WrAs, Protram 205 WrAs, Škoda 16 T, Škoda 19 T, Pesa Twist, Moderus Beta and Moderus Gamma.

In 2009 Wrocław bought 31 Skoda 19T trams to operate on new PLUS lines connecting Gaj and Sępolno to the stadium, which was built to host the Euro 2012 games.