[1] Beginning in 2008, Dr. William Tyler and his research team from Arizona State University began an investigation and development of this alternative neuromodulation without the harmful effects and risks of invasive surgery.
Although this technology holds great potential to introducing new and beneficial alternatives to conventional brain manipulation, it is a relatively young science and has certain obstructions to its full development such as a lack of complete understanding and control of every safety measure.
[4] Scientists continue to test a variety of mammals such as humans, monkeys[5] and mice on positively affecting the treatment of epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, chronic pain, coma, dystonia, psychoses and depression by applying safe, low-intensity, TPU.
Scientists have discovered that focusing on targeted brain regions in animals has been proven to alter their behavior, their cells' electrical properties (electrophysiology), and their synaptic plasticity, which is essentially the neuron's ability to function.
A recent leading hypothesis is the mechanical manipulation of stretch-sensitive membranes actually stimulates certain voltage-gated ion channels, such as sodium or calcium, thus modulating neuronal activity.
After 31 patients with chronic pain had 8 MHz unfocused transcranial ultrasound stimulation targeted to the posterior frontal cortex in a double-blind, sham-controlled study, they reported feeling in a better mood 10 to 40 minutes after having received the treatment.