[4] He was Minister of Naval Affairs at Saint Petersburg, 1809–28, and chief promoter of Bellingshausen's Antarctic voyage.

The island is approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) across with a peak elevation of 551 metres (1,808 feet) above sea level.

[4] The stratovolcano Mount Asphyxia dominates the western side of the island while the eastern half is a low-lying lava plain.

[7] Zavodovski Island featured in the initial part of BBC’s Planet Earth II natural history television series, narrated by David Attenborough and first shown in the UK on 6 November 2016.

[9] The subduction zone forming the South Sandwich Trench lies to the east of the island arc.