The Treaty of Kyakhta (Mongolian: Хиагтын гэрээ; Russian: Кяхтинский договор; Chinese: 中俄蒙協約) was a tri-party treaty signed on 25 May 1915 among Russia, Mongolia, and China.
[1] The Mongolian representative, Prime Minister Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren, was determined to stretch autonomy into de facto independence, and to deny the Chinese anything more than vague, ineffectual suzerain powers.
The Chinese sought to minimize, if not to end, Mongolian autonomy.
[2] Mongolians viewed the treaty as a disaster because it denied the recognition of a truly independent, all-Mongolian state.
Nevertheless, Outer Mongolia remained effectively outside Chinese control[3] and, according to explanation by baron B.E.