Treaty of Paris (1259)

William attempted to separate the two areas between his heirs, but subsequent fighting and inheritance not only reunited England and Normandy but greatly expanded English territory within France.

Henry agreed to renounce control of Maine, Anjou, and Poitou, which had also been lost under the reign of King John, but remained Duke of Aquitaine as a vassal to Louis.

He also ceded to Henry the bishoprics and cities of Limoges, Cahors, and Périgueux and was to pay an annual rent for his continued occupation of Agenais.

[1] Despite acknowledging the loss of Normandy, the treaty separately held that "islands (if any) which the King of England should hold" would be retained by him "as peer of France and Duke of Aquitaine".

[3] The agreement continued the unstable situation whereby English monarchs were obliged to submit to the French kings for disputes over their territories on the continent.