In the dire economic situation, the government was incapable of solving the problem of required budget cuts due to disagreements with the Social Democrats, who left from the coalition on 21 May 2009 together with its three ministers.

[3][11] Following the 2015 election, Reform started coalition talks with the Social Democrats, Pro Patria and Res Publica Union (IRL) and the Free Party.

[13] Following that, Reform successfully negotiated a new Triple Alliance coalition with SDE and IRL, forming a second government headed by Rõivas in April.

[4][14] On 7 November 2016, SDE and IRL announced that they were asking Prime Minister Taavi Rõivas to resign and were planning on negotiating a new majority government.

The new coalition was sworn in on 23 November,[19] bringing about the first government to not feature Reform since 1999 due to the collapse of the cordon sanitaire around the Centre Party after it elected a new leader, ending the long-lasting leadership of Edgar Savisaar, who had been perceived as too Russophilic.

[22][23] Continuing with a minority cabinet, the Reform Party called up the conservative Isamaa and the Social Democrats for talks on a possible new coalition.

[25] Although law allows ministerial changes without cabinet resignation, Kallas stepped back so that the new coalition got to vote for the Prime Minister's mandate in the parliament.

Moderates / SDE Reform Pro Patria Union / IRL / Isamaa Triple Alliance coalitions were formed in the town of Kuressaare both in 2009 and later in 2021 when the entire Saaremaa island was one municipality.