The square is named for George Troup, the former Georgia governor, Congressman and senator.

[1] A large iron armillary sphere stands in the center of the square, supported by six small metal turtles.

When moved to Troup Square, its height was adjusted for use by dogs and has become the site of an annual Blessing of the Animals.

The oldest building original to the square is the Lewis Cook Duplex, at 313–315 East Charlton Street, which dates to 1852.

Lane planned and initiated a project to remove the central vandalized playground, close the fire lane, install an armillary sundial, and add new walls, benches, lighting, and plantings.