[1] Examples include:[2] As of 2008[update], 17[4] or 18[5] African countries had confirmed resistant parasite populations, and as of 2011[update] that was up to 21.
[5] Multiply resistant populations are an increasing problem in the Adamawa Region of Cameroon[6] and south east Mali.
[7] The Gibe River Valley in southwest Ethiopia showed universal resistance (in T. congolense isolated from Boran cattle) between July 1989 and February 1993.
[8] This likely indicates a permanent loss of function in this area for the tested trypanocides, diminazene aceturate, isometamidium chloride, and homidium chloride.
This antiinfective drug article is a stub.