Uwa language

Verbal nouns are derived from verbs by appending -quib (refers to one actor, e.g., yew̃quib ‘he who carries’), -quin (refers to multiple actors, e.g., yew̃quin ‘those who carry’) or -quey (the action, e.g., raquey ‘the coming’, OR the patient of an action, e.g., rojoquey ‘that which is brought’).

The subject of a transitive clause, i.e., the ergative case, is marked with the -at suffix: Bónit-atmouse-ERGebcornyá-ca-ro.eat-PRES-DECLBónit-at eb yá-ca-ro.mouse-ERG corn eat-PRES-DECLA mouse is eating the corn.The subject of an intransitive clause or the object of a transitive clause, i.e., the absolutive case, takes the null suffix -∅: AsIisuradownbe-n-ro.go-INTEN-DECL.As isura be-n-ro.I down go-INTEN-DECL.I'm going down[stairs].Ow-atsuitcase-ERGasmycuá-ca-ro.tire-PRES-DECLOw-at as cuá-ca-ro.suitcase-ERG my tire-PRES-DECLThe suitcase is killing me.The owner of a referent is marked with the genitive case using the -ay suffix.

The demonstrative pronouns make a two-way distinction: ucha (proximal, ‘this’) and eya (distal, ‘that’).

[3] Verbs in Uwa language can be divided into the following categories: transitive, intransitive, bitransitive, impersonal, objective clause, auxiliary and copular.

AsaIrícaradaywiqui-n-roreturn-INTEN-DECLAsa rícara wiqui-n-roI day return-INTEN-DECLI will return by day.Aj-átI-ERGbajítmachetewá-ro-ra.buy-DECL-CNTRAj-át bajít wá-ro-ra.I-ERG machete buy-DECL-CNTRI bought a machete.BabcarBabcaraacDESTcuncuaricalabashbacáyleavebi-ca-ro.go-PRES-DECLBabcar ac cuncuari bacáy bi-ca-ro.Babcara DEST calabash leave go-PRES-DECLI'm going to leave the calabash for Babcara.AsIbaralreadyseo-jac-ro.tire-PST-DECLAs bar seo-jac-ro.I already tire-PST-DECLI'm tired [of it].

[I-CONT already go-INTEN-DECL] say-DECL-CONTI said, “I'm leaving [now].” The verb séhlw̃anro is most frequently preceded by the intentional form of the verb without the declarative suffix: AsIucasitenacDESTbe-ngo-INTENséhlw̃a-ro.think-DECLAs ucasi ac be-n séhlw̃a-ro.I ten DEST go-INTEN think-DECLI plan on going for ten days.Cucthirstwinigivereh-ca-ro.be-PRES-DECLCuc wini reh-ca-ro.thirst give be-PRES-DECL[He] is thirsty.Cuesadreh-tibe-NEGja-w̃i.AUX-IMPCue reh-ti ja-w̃i.sad be-NEG AUX-IMPDon't be sad.There are a number of different affixes that can appended to the verb.

Future, ability or obligation, and stative verbs are negated with the word bár.

The inability is indicated by appending the suffix -ajar: Isweoyaclothingbárnotbin-at-rawho-ERG-CONTaygoodéy-in-ra3-COL-CONTyéhw̃-ajar-cua-no.marry-IMPOSS-USIT-DECLIs oya bár bin-at-ra ay éy-in-ra yéhw̃-ajar-cua-no.we clothing not who-ERG-CONT good 3-COL-CONT marry-IMPOSS-USIT-DECLWe poor people cannot marry the good ones.Four tenses can be distinguished: present, past, immediate past and immediate future.