Turkish dialects

Turkish is natively and historically spoken by the Turkish people in Turkey, Cyprus, Bulgaria, Greece (primarily in Western Thrace), Kosovo, Meskhetia, North Macedonia, Romania, Iraq, Syria and other areas of traditional settlement which formerly, in whole or part, belonged to the Ottoman Empire.

It also has official (but not primary) status in the Prizren District of Kosovo and several municipalities of North Macedonia, depending on the concentration of Turkish-speaking local population.

[1] Nonetheless, dialectal variation persists, in spite of the levelling influence of the standard used in mass media and the Turkish education system since the 1930s.

[4] Balkans Ottoman Turkish dialects were first described at the beginning of the 20th century, and are called Rumelian—a term introduced by Gyula Németh in 1956.

[6] The Rumelian Turkish dialect is spoken in East Thrace, the European side of Turkey, in the provinces of Edirne, Kırklareli and Tekirdağ.

[9] The linguistic situation changed radically in 1974, when the island was divided into a Greek south and a Turkish north (Northern Cyprus).

[8] Karamanli Turkish is a dialect spoken by the Karamanlide people who were a natively Turkish-speaking, Greek Orthodox community living in Central Anatolia prior to the population exchange and their deportation.

It is verbally the same as the typical Central Anatolian dialect of Turkish but is written with the Greek alphabet.

The Meskhetian Turks speak an Eastern Anatolian dialect of Turkish, which hails from the regions of Kars, Ardahan, Iğdır and Artvin.

[11] Under the Ba'athist regime, the Turkmens suffered under a heavy assimilation policy and were forbidden to write or publish in Turkish.

[13] This is same for the Romani people living in former Ottoman territories including Greece, Romania, the others and speaking Turkish.

The Danube Turkish dialect was once spoken by Turks inhabiting Ada Kaleh.

It was based on Ottoman Turkish with Hungarian, Serbian, Romanian, and German words.

[14] Due to a large Turkish diaspora, significant Turkish-speaking communities also reside in countries such as Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Borçka, Muratlı, Camili, Meydancık, Ortaköy (Berta) bucak of Artvin (merkez) 3.1.1.

Bolu, Ovacık, Eskipazar, Karabük, Safranbolu, Ulus, Eflani, Kurucaşile 3.3.4.

Ladik, Havza, Amasya, Tokat, Erbaa, Niksar, Turhal, Reşadiye, Almus 3.6.2.

Ankara, Haymana, Balâ, Şereflikoçhisar, Çubuk, Kırıkkale, Keskin, Kalecik, Kızılırmak, Çorum, Yozgat, Kırşehir, Nevşehir, Niğde, Kayseri, Şarkışla, Gemerek 3.9.