Geographic distribution of the Ukrainian language in the Russian Empire according to the
1897 census
Russian "dialectological map" of 1914. Territory inhabited by Ukrainian-speakers in the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires is shaded in green. The language was called Ruthenian in Austria-Hungary and "Little Russian" or "Malorussian dialect" in the Russian Empire.
"Map of South-Russian accents and dialects" (1871). In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the Ukrainian language was categorized by Russian academics as a derivative of Russian language referred to as "South-Russian" or "Little-Russian".
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