Two-dimensional gas

Applications have led to better understanding of superconductivity,[1] gas thermodynamics, certain solid state problems and several questions in quantum mechanics.

An early research investigation explored cyclotron resonance behavior and the de Haas–van Alphen effect in a two-dimensional electron gas.

The exception is the work of Matvija et al. who used a scanning tunneling microscope to directly visualize a local time-averaged density of molecules on a surface.

[8] This method is of special importance as it provides an opportunity to probe local properties of 2D gases; for instance it enables to directly visualize a pair correlation function of a 2D molecular gas in a real space.

It was shown that the transition from a 2D gas to a 2D solid state can be controlled by a scanning tunneling microscope which can affect the local density of molecules via an electric field.