Type I and II cytokine receptors associate with Janus family kinases (JAKs) to affect intracellular signaling.

Cytokines including interleukins, interferons and hemopoietins activate the Janus kinases, which associate with their cognate receptors.

[13] Vascular inflammation can be caused by upregulation of Ang-II, which is produced locally by inflamed vessels and induces synthesis and secretion of IL-6, a cytokine responsible for induction of angiotensinogen synthesis in liver through JAK/STAT3 pathway, which gets activated through high affinity membrane protein receptors on target cells, termed IL-6R-chain recruiting gp-130 that is associated with tyrosine kinases (Jaks 1/2, and TYK2 kinase).

[16] TYK2−/− mice displayed a lack of responsiveness to a small amount of IFN-α, but they respond normally to a high concentration of IFN-α/β.

Further elucidation of molecular mechanisms of LPS signaling, showed that TYK2 and IFN-β deficiency leads resistance to LPS-induced endotoxin shock, whereas STAT1-deficient mice are susceptible.

[24] The drug deucravacitinib (marketed as Sotyktu), a small-molecule TYK2 inhibitor, was approved for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in 2022.

[31] This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.