USS Atascosa (AO-66) was an Atascosa-class fleet oiler acquired by the United States Navy for use in World War II.

SS Esso Columbia II was built at Chester, Pennsylvania, by the Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co. for the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey; launched on 7 September 1942; sponsored by Mrs. Harold G. McAvenia; renamed by the Navy Atascosa and designated AO-66 on 16 September 1942; purchased by the Navy on 12 October 1942: and commissioned on 9 November 1942.

At the conclusion of a month of trials, she got underway on 19 December for Port Arthur, Texas, where she took on a cargo of fuel oil and gasoline and then returned to Norfolk, Virginia, on 3 January 1943.

Atascosa put to sea on 15 February to rendezvous with Rear Admiral Merrill's Task Force (TF) 39.

The oiler stopped briefly at Purvis Bay, then went to Espiritu Santo on 15 March to begin preparations to rendezvous with a part of TF 58.

Shortly after midnight on the morning of 28 March, Atascosa was informed that a Liberator bomber had gone down in the vicinity of the fueling group, and she began a search for its crew.

Observers on the oiler spotted a life raft, but it proved to be unoccupied, and Atascosa soon terminated her rescue efforts.

The oiler was fueling task force TF 38.3 in early November when she encountered high, seas and increasingly strong winds.

The weather abated on 9 November, allowing the oiler's crew to make temporary repairs so that fueling could be resumed.

The ships of TF 58 left Ulithi several days before Atascosa departed on 19 March to support their attacks on the Japanese homeland.

After a brief supply stop at Ulithi, the oiler put to sea on 8 August to rendezvous with TF 38 off southern Honshū.

Atascosa was decommissioned on 21 January 1946 at Mare Island, California; her name was struck from the Navy list on 7 February; and she was transferred to the United States Maritime Commission on 1 July 1946.

Atascosa was authorized the following campaign medals: This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.