The contract to build her was awarded to the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation in Groton, Connecticut on 20 February 1976 and her keel was laid down on 7 April 1979.

She was launched on 6 November 1982 sponsored by Mrs. Sheila M. Watkins, wife of James D. Watkins, the then-Chief of Naval Operations, and commissioned as a fleet ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) on 11 February 1984, with Captain A. W. Kuester commanding the Blue crew and Captain M. P. Gray commanding the Gold crew.

On 22 March 1986, three miles south of Midway Island, harbor tug USS Secota (YTM-415) had just completed a personnel transfer from Georgia, picking up a submarine crewman who was going on emergency leave, when Secota lost power and got hung up on Georgia's starboard stern plane while the sub's propeller continued to turn.

When they returned, they began to hoist the missile, pulling against the ladder and cutting a nine-inch (230 mm) hole in its nose cone.

In October 2004 she participated as the command node of Exercise Silent Hammer to validate and showcase the new Joint Warfare and ISR capabilities.

[11] In March 2005, Georgia entered Norfolk Naval Shipyard for her scheduled Engineered Refueling Overhaul.

[21] On 25 November 2015, Georgia struck a channel buoy and subsequently grounded[22] while entering the Kings Bay Naval Submarine Base.

The commanding officer of the Blue crew at the time of the accident - Captain David Adams - was relieved of duty on 4 January 2016 by Rear Adm. Randy B.

[24] In August 2024, Georgia was ordered by US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin to move from the Mediterranean Sea into the waters of the Middle East as a deterrent against an anticipated Iranian attack on Israel.