United States hand grenades
However, later studies showed that this design has no effect on fragmentation, though it does provide a non-slip surface that improves grip.
A concussion grenade, the Mk III series, was designed to incapacitate through the pressure and impulse produced by the explosion.
Although a minimum-fragmentation grenade, large fragments (most likely the fuse assembly or surrounding material) could be projected as far as 200 m (660 ft) from the detonation point.
[2][4] The M26 series is in many ways an upgrade to the basic principle of the Mk II: a similarly shaped, but not visibly ribbed, fragmentation grenade.
The M26 has a filling of Composition B contained within a sheet steel two-part outer shell that covers a pre-notched fragmentation coil inner liner.
The M67 was part of a similar PIP and is identical to the M33, with the exception of the additional safety clip for the spoon of the grenade on the M67.
[10] In 2010, US SOCOM began fielding the Mk 21 Mod 0[11] Scalable Offensive Hand Grenade that delivers blast effects.
[12][13][14] Picatinny Arsenal is developing the Enhanced Tactical Multi-Purpose (ET-MP) hand grenade to combine fragmentation and concussive effects in a single weapon.
The MK3A2 was used to clear bunkers by detonating in confined spaces where blast pressure would reverberate off the walls.
The ET-MP allows soldiers to choose between fragmentation and blast overpressure effects by flipping a switch.
[15][16] In 2021 the US Army adopted the M111 Offensive Hand Grenade for blast overpressure and concussion effects in enclosed areas.
[17] In September 1942, the United States standardized a Molotov cocktail-style device that was nominally designated as a "grenade".
FS was a mixture of sulfur trioxide and chlorosulfuric acid that created a heavy, acrid screening smoke.
[21][22] WP has many of the same properties as HC and is also burned to create the effect, giving the M15 a similar incendiary capability.
[24] An illumination grenade, with a magnesium filler ignited by a wick type fuze, the Mk 1 Mod 0 was first produced during the Second World War.
The Mod 1 probably featured an improved type fuze, moving away from the simple wick lighter design.
[25][26] Developed as a joint project between the US Navy and the DuPont Chemical company, the EX 1 and EX 2 were part of the Target Illumination and Recovery Aid (TIARA) program.
Testing in 1963 showed that the TIARA 5 mixture had averse effects on the functioning of the C12 fuze integral to the M25A2 design.
[28] The US Army also tested a plastic chemiluminescent grenade in 1966, utilizing the PB-155 filler and the M217 impact fuze, with negative results about the mixture's usefulness for the intended role, with the brightness and duration of functioning being "insufficient".
[29] In September 1942 the United States standardized a Molotov cocktail-style device that was nominally designated as a "grenade".
The M1 grenade could be filled with any of a number of chemical compounds depending upon the effect required, in both lethal and non-lethal combinations.
M1 (B Chlorvinyldichlorarsine, or "Lewisite") was a liquid that turned into a powerful vesicant gas upon exposure that chemically burned the surfaces of exposed skin and lungs.
The M6/M7 series were cylindrical riot control grenades, with a variety of fillers, including CN, CS, and DM.
DM is a substance that causes a burning sensation in nose and throat and a heavy tight feeling in the chest, accompanied by a nauseating effect.
[40] In September 1942 the United States standardized a Molotov cocktail-style device that was nominally designated as a "grenade."
The Timmerman Strap was a metal band under tension around the surface of the grenade that was hooked up to a striker safety in the fuse body.
This means the M14 is primarily employed on material to be destroyed in a roughly secure environment and not as an offensive or defensive weapon.
[19][41] Another variant of the Model 308-1 designed by the Special Operations Branch of the Naval Weapons Center at China Lake, California, the 308-1 Napalm was in direct response to SEAL requirements for a more offensive incendiary device over the M14.
Issued as a kit, the user would take the included powdered Napalm ("M1 Thickener") and then fill the grenade with gasoline to produce a complete incendiary device.
[19] A diversionary stun grenade developed by the US Navy, the Mk 141 is a product of the same thinking that gave rise to the M84 and is designed to be used in similar situations.
