In particular this widely observed response involves power law scaling of dielectric properties with frequency under conditions of alternating current, AC.
First defined in a landmark article by A. K. Jonscher in Nature published in 1977,[1] the origins of the UDR were attributed to the dominance of many-body interactions in systems, and their analogous RC network equivalence.
[2] The universal dielectric response manifests in the variation of AC Conductivity with frequency and is most often observed in complex systems consisting of multiple phases of similar or dissimilar materials.
, where the power law exponent α can be approximated to the fraction of capacitors in the equivalent RC network of the system α≅Pc.
[5] The power law scaling of dielectric properties with frequency is valuable in interpreting impedance spectroscopy data towards the characterisation of responses in emerging ferroelectric and multiferroic materials.