Ural (Russian: Урал) is a series of mainframe computers built in the former Soviet Union.

The computer was widely used in the 1960s, mainly in the socialist countries, though some were also exported to Western Europe and Latin America.

[1] When the University of Tartu received a new computer in 1965, its old Ural 1 was moved to a science-based secondary school, the Nõo Reaalgümnaasium, making the latter one of the first Soviet secondary schools to receive a computer.

School 444 in Moscow, Russia started graduating programmers in 1960 and had the Ural computer operating by its students on-premises in 1965.

[3] Models Ural-1 to Ural-4 were based on vacuum tubes (valves), with the hardware being able to perform 12,000 floating-point calculations per second.