Jürgensen was born on 5 August 1776 in Copenhagen, the son of royal watchmaker Jørgen Jørgensen (1745–1811) and Anne Leth Bruun (1755–1828).

Aged 20, he went on a five-year journey abroad with economic support from Fonden ad usus publicos and Det Reiersenske Fond.

He was supposed to enter into a partnership with a French watchmaker, Etienne Magnin, who had been called to Denmark to construct the next chronometers for the shipping industry.

These plans changed when watchmaker continued to Saint Petersburg and Jürgensen then joined his father's workshop.

In 1807, weakened by gard work and personal griefs (the death of several children), he left Copenhagen for Neuchâtel where he stayed for two and a half years.

In 2021 Finnish watchmaker Kari Voutilainen together with a group of investors acquired the Urban Jürgensen company and was appointed as its CEO.