This pattern was formed by Patrick Geddes, who established urban planning, and his student Lewis Mumford.
During the 1960s and 1970s, theories and experience of urban planning in Western Europe, the United States, Canada, and Japan led to a systematic approach.
Support extended by Iranian officials to comprehensive plans is the main challenge facing strategic-structural ones.
The high capacity of strategic-structural plans to adapt to complicated and changeable social and economic conditions has been proven.
But implementation of these plans needs at least a basic foundation in science, theory, economics, law, finance, and administration.