[3] The Central Statistics Agency (BPS) reported that the average population density of Jakarta, the capital, had reached more than 14,400 people per square kilometer.
[5] Compared to the high intensity of rural-urban migration, most local governments in each province are required to meet the escalating demand for services and infrastructure in terms of housing, transportation, and employment.
[2] When these demands are growing at a faster rate than the availability of infrastructure, there is a ‘socio-economic dualism’ observable within urban society in Indonesia.
[6] Socio-economic dualism portrays modernity and ‘kampung (village)’ society co-existing in urban areas.
[7] In West Nusa Tenggara, the number of poor people is reported to be 23.7% out of the total urban population.
[9] Without availability of employment catered to the needs of rural-urban migrants, income segregation between rich and poor in urban areas will worsen.
[10] Without proper management and actions taken, the continuous influx or rural-urban migration may pose as a serious threat to the infrastructure in the urban cities.
[13] With men moving out of rural areas in large quantities, there will be insufficient people taking over agricultural practices from the ageing farmers.
Vice President Boediono warned that current levels of food production will not be sufficient to balance the increasing population in the near future.
[15] Moreover, the absence of adequate investments in rural projects further accentuates the rate of migration of youths from villages to cities.