During this period, the Vietnamese aristocracy, while retaining Chinese political and cultural forms, grew increasingly independent of China.

A series of failed revolts in the late sixth and early seventh centuries fueled the Vietnamese national consciousness.

Lý Thiên Bảo died of an illness in 555 and left no heirs, this prompted the military and officials elected Triệu Quang Phục as leader and de facto ruler.

However, his election to lead the war against the Liang was not undisputed as other prominent family members of Lý Nam Đế began to challenge Triệu Quang Phục leadership.

The remaining Lý family members and Triệu Quang Phục alliance began to fall apart as both sides claim legitimacy.

[citation needed] As strong as the Chinese were, they could not make any headway against the type of warfare devised by the generalissimo Triệu Việt Vương.

The Liang dynasty was under the civil war during the Hou Jing rebellion and the famous Chinese general Chen Baxian's (Trần Bá Tiên) skills and troops were needed in his homeland to quell a revolt.

The emperor of Vạn Xuân (Lý Phật Tử) surrendered to the Sui, marking the beginning of renewed Chinese domination in Vietnam.