Essentially the same techniques are employed to perform variable-data publishing, as those utilized with variable data printing.
Further, variable-data can be used to build rule-based design schemes, including fonts, colors, and page formats.
However, the level of control that can be achieved varies, based upon how far into the document production process a variable-data tool is deployed.
For example, if variable-data insertion occurs just prior to output...it's not likely that the text flow or layout can be altered with nearly as much control as would be available at the time of initial document composition.
However, in the past 3 years the application of this technology has spread to web pages, emails, and mobile messaging.