Contrast venography is the gold standard for judging diagnostic imaging methods for deep vein thrombosis; although, because of its cost, invasiveness, and other limitations, this test is rarely performed.

The United States National Institute of Health says the following about varicose veins, "they cause concern and distress on a large scale, most of which can be dealt with by good explanation and reassurance, or by a variety of treatments which are evolving rapidly at present.

[3] Lower limb venography is indicated in deep vein thrombosis, oedema with unknown cause, and congenital abnormality of the venous system.

The subject is tilted 40 degrees with head higher than the legs, in order to delay the flow of contrast medium from the foot to the thigh.

Then, the subject is tilted in head down position and Valsalva maneuver is relaxed for contrast medium to flow into the pelvis.

At the end of the procedure, the needle is flushed with normal saline to reduce the chances of getting phlebitis due to administration of contrast medium.