Verbal aggression

Scholars have identified that individuals who express verbal aggressiveness have the goal of controlling and manipulating others through language.

Infante, Trebing, Shepard, and Seeds collaborated to showcase the relationship between argumentativeness and verbal aggression.

The first component investigated whether high, moderate, or low behaviors differ in how easily they are caused by an opponent that selects verbally aggressive responses.

[6] More recently Shaw, Kotowski, Boster, and Levine demonstrated that verbal aggression may be caused by variation in prenatal testosterone exposure.

The more temporal and short term effects are: hurt feelings, anger, irritation, embarrassment, discouragement, humiliation, despair, and depression.

For instance, Infante and Wigley state "the self-concept damage done by teasing a child about an aspect of physical appearance can endure for a lifetime and exert an enormous impact on the amount of unhappiness experience".

Infante and Rancer define argumentativeness as the "trait-like behavior that predisposes an individual to take a stand on controversial issues and attack the positions that other people take".

Productive argumentativeness can produce positive outcomes in communication through challenging and defending standpoints through justification.

[11] The destructive traits, hostility and verbal aggressiveness, lead to dissatisfaction in communication and relationship deterioration.

There are numerous concepts, qualities, and traits that predict the verbal aggressiveness of each partner within a romantic relationship.

Arguing successfully means, at least in some part, that a couple will avoid unwarranted negativity and approach discrepancies in confidence that discussing dissimilarities of opinion will supply positive results.

Happily married couples were more likely to resolve disputes without the use of verbally aggressive messages, using instead argumentativeness to negotiate an agreement.

Styron and Janoff-Bulman found, "more than 60% of participants who had been verbally abused as children had reported an insecure attachment style".

Authoritarian parents prefer punishment as a way to control their child's behavior and they value obedience from their children.

Coaches who exhibit verbal aggressive behavior may influence athletes' performance, competence, overall enjoyment, and motivation.

The second was to look for differences in athletes' satisfaction and achievement goal orientation based on perceived coaches' leadership style and verbal aggressive profile.

Based upon the results, coaches categorized within the first profile promoted athletes' satisfaction where their mental state was filled with compassion.

Walker, Jaarsveld, and Skarlicki performed a study that focused on developing an understanding of what customers do in service events that can increase employee incivility toward others.

The results suggested that customer verbal aggression consumes employees, leading to self-regulation failure.

The customer using positive emotional language increases the ability of the employee to engage in self-regulation and reduce incivility.

To communicate effectively in social environments while helping customers, the key objective must be emotional labor.