Emerging in North America in the 1970s and 1980s, vertical tillage (VT) is a system of principles and guidelines similar to conservation agriculture (CA) in that it aims to improve soil health, increase water infiltration and decrease soil erosion and compaction (improve bulk density).
[1] It usually includes small forward-facing discs that limit soil inversion and slices the residue for faster decomposition and to get a seeder or planter into the heavy residue-laden fields.
Many times it also includes a deep ripping tool for breaking up hard pans and compaction created from traditional tillage implements and heavy equipment like large tractors and combine harvesters.
They claim that VT has helped particularly in the build-up of high levels of residues on the surface under zero-till and CA systems and the concomitant low soil temperatures and compaction problems have hindered crop establishment and growth in the temperate regions of North America.
[2] This is important particularly in the United States, where it may exclude farmers in collection of direct farm payments from the US government that aims to promote no-till to conserve soil and keep it in place.