Vibrating-sample magnetometer

As a result, typically a hysteresis curve will be recorded[5] and from there the magnetic properties of the sample can be deduced.

These allow the VSM to maximize the induced signal, reduce the noise, give a wide saddle point, minimize the volume in between the sample and electromagnet to achieve a more uniform magnetic field at the sample space.

The external field is applied parallel to the sample length[7] and the aforementioned cycle prints out a hysteresis loop.

Then using known magnetization of the calibration material and wire volume the high field voltage signal can be converted into emu units - useful for analysis.

[5] VSM's further allow for a sample to be tested at varying angles with respect to its magnetization letting researchers minimize the effects of external influences.

[8] However, VSM's are not well suited for determining the magnetization loop due to the demagnetizing effects incurred by the sample.

[8] VSM's further suffer from temperature dependence and cannot be used on fragile samples that cannot undergo acceleration (from the vibration).