His father, the translator Pavel Ivanovich Gayevski [ru], was a long-term employee of the Ministry of National Education, under Sergey Uvarov.
In the late 1850s, denunciations of an unspecified nature were directed against him, based on his relationship to Alexander Herzen, an early advocate of Socialism.
[1] Shortly after he became one of the founders of the "Общества для пособий нуждающимся литераторам и учёным", better known as "The Literary Fund [ru]" ("Литературный фонд"), an organization that offered financial support to needy writers.
One of his first cases involved defending Ivan Khudyakov [ru], an associate of Nikolai Ishutin whose cousin, Dmitry Karakozov, had attempted to assassinate the Tsar.
He died after three years of "long and heavy suffering"; leaving behind a large collection of rare books and manuscripts.