The Vilcabamba tapaculo (Scytalopus urubambae) is a small passerine bird in the family Rhinocryptidae.

The female is similar, but the upper parts' gray is paler and the neck has a brown wash.

[5] The Vilcabamba tapaculo is found only in the upper Urubamba Valley in southern Peru's Department of Cuzco.

[5] Its habitat is "humid montane and elfin forest, often in areas dominated by moss and boulders".

Though it has a very small range, its population is thought to be stable and not immediately threatened by human activity.