Vincenzo Antonio Menghini (15 February 1704-27 January 1759) was an Italian physician and scientist, who was one of the first to report the abundance of iron in red blood cells.
His sister, Maria Orsola, would marry the prominent physician Giovanni Giacinto Vogli (1697-1762).
In 1745, Pope Benedict XIV established the Accademia Benedettina, a scientific society.
In 1714, one of Menghini's colleagues in the Academy of Sciences, Domenico Gusmano Maria Galeazzi (1686-1775), attended meetings in Paris at the Academy of Sciences where they discussed the presence of iron in the ashes of incinerated vegetables.
Menghini's experiments were published in 1746 in a report in the journal of the Academy of Science of Bologna about De ferrearum particularum sede in sanguine.