Viola, Duchess of Opole

[1][2][better source needed] A more popular hypothesis about Viola's parentage was given by Władysław Dziewulski, who stated that she could be the daughter of either Kaloyan of Bulgaria or his successor Boril,[3][4] but this theory has been challenged by Wincenty Swoboda.

[5] Jerzy Horwat put forward another hypothesis, under which Viola could have been a daughter of either King Béla III from his second marriage to Margaret of France or his son and successor, Emeric.

Arguments for Viola's Bulgarian origin involve her marriage to Casimir I, because she was not mentioned in any Polish source before the duke's departure on the Fifth Crusade.

Despite her efforts to maintain an independent rule, she was eventually forced to share, and later to cede, the regency of Opole-Racibórz to Henry I the Bearded, Duke of Wrocław.

A year later, in 1234, to calm the rebellion caused by this decision, Henry I the Bearded gave Kalisz and Wieluń to Casimir I's sons and took full control of Opole-Racibórz, but without denying the dukes' hereditary rights.