It protects an area with very infertile sandy soil, periodically flooded, that has no economic value but has exceptionally high biodiversity.

The park adjoins the Baixo Rio Branco-Jauaperi Extractive Reserve to the south and the Anauá National Forest to the southeast.

[7] The park covers an extensive sandy plain, and holds the Viruá alluvial "megafan".

[4] The park holds a great patchwork of campinaranas and open or closed canopy forests.

More than 2,000 plants species have been identified, and it is estimated that there are more than 5,000 in total, making it one of the most botanically diverse conservation units in Brazil.