He was ruled sane by the Serbsky Institute of General and Forensic Psychiatry in Moscow, and stood trial.

On January 12, 1967, Kalynychenko was charged with "attempting to betray his homeland", and was sentenced to 10 years in a harsh regime labour camp.

At the time, "hooliganism" was an umbrella term used by authorities to chastise non-membership in the communist party.

On November 29, 1979, Kalynychenko was arrested a second time, and charged with distributing information of the Moscow Helsinki Group, the Ukrainian Helsinki Group, as well as Anti Soviet Agitation and Propaganda (for his denouncement of Soviet Citizenship).

He lived in Washington, D.C., until his death on April 27, 2017, at a senior care facility in Silver Spring, Maryland.