[7] Already a part of the first team for the 2022 season, Vitor Roque scored his first goal on 20 February of that year, netting the club's first in a 2–2 Campeonato Mineiro home draw against Villa Nova.

[11] He made his debut for the club four days later, replacing Luis Manuel Orejuela late into a 1–0 Série A home loss against Atlético Mineiro.

[16][17] On 12 July 2023, La Liga club Barcelona announced that they had reached an agreement for the transfer of Roque with Athletico, agreeing a contract until 2030–31 season with a buyout clause of €500 million.

[18] On 27 December, Roque underwent medical examinations at Ciutat Esportiva, completed digital media obligations including his first club interview.

[20] On 4 January 2024, Roque made his La Liga debut for Barcelona, coming on as a substitute in the 78th minute of a 2–1 comeback victory away against Las Palmas.