As with the VIII, two versions were to be built, a night bomber, and an aircraft armed with a large single shot 37 mm (1.457 in) Hotchkiss cannon.

The cruciform tail was mounted on booms which tapered in plan view to a vertical knife edge that formed the rudder post.

[2] Like the Voisin VIII, the X was fitted with two large strut mounted teardrop fuel tanks that could be jettisoned in the event of a fire.

[3] Due to their poor performance relative to contemporary fighters, when opposition was anticipated, operations were carried out at night.

Voisin X's were used primarily as night bombers, attacking both strategic targets such as railyards, as well as carrying out tactical missions, such as suppressing enemy troop movements.

[8] While the British and Americans experimented with aerial ambulances, carrying a single stretcher in a Curtiss Jenny or Airco DH.4, in France, a Voisin X was converted into a complete mobile flying hospital, the Aerochir, complete with X-ray machines and other modern equipment for a full service operating room, so as to better support the mobile battlefield conditions created by the introduction of tank warfare.

[9] During the flight, it changed altitude and direction multiple times, based on a preprogrammed course set with a series of switches.