Volcanic island

Many volcanic islands emerge from the deep abyss of the ocean, and feature rough or mountainous landscapes in their interiors and a diverse array of summit elevations.

Tall volcanic islands are often surrounded by protective fringing or barrier reefs, creating lagoons.

[3] The unique geological and geographical characteristics of volcanic islands make them prone to many natural hazards, which are expected to worsen due to climate change.

These include volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, and severe weather events like hurricanes or typhoons.

Studies have highlighted the importance of implementing effective risk mitigation plans that include nature-based solutions to improve societal safety on these islands.